The subject and the actor arrived at the session together. The "learner", an actor and confederate of the experimenter, who pretended to be a volunteer.The "teachers" were led to believe that they were merely assisting, whereas they were actually the subjects of the experiment. The "teacher", a volunteer for a single session.The "experimenter", who was in charge of the session.Three individuals took part in each session of the experiment: The US $4 advertised is equivalent to $39 in 2022. Procedure Milgram experiment advertisement, 1961. ![]() While the experiment itself was repeated many times around the globe, with fairly consistent results, both its interpretations as well as its applicability to the Holocaust are disputed. Milgram devised his psychological study to explain the psychology of genocide and answer the popular contemporary question: "Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices?" The experiments began on Aug(after a grant proposal was approved in July), in the basement of Linsly-Chittenden Hall at Yale University, three months after the start of the trial of German Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Milgram first described his research in a 1963 article in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology and later discussed his findings in greater depth in his 1974 book, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. The experiments found, unexpectedly, that a very high proportion of subjects would fully obey the instructions, with every participant going up to 300 volts, and 65% going up to the full 450 volts. These sham or fake electric shocks gradually increased to levels that would have been fatal had they been real. Participants were led to believe that they were assisting an unrelated experiment, in which they had to administer electric shocks to a "learner". īeginning on August 7, 1961, a series of social psychology experiments were conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram, who intended to measure the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience. Being separated from the subject, the confederate set up a tape recorder integrated with the electro-shock generator, which played pre-recorded sounds for each shock level. ![]() The subject is led to believe that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual electric shocks, though in reality there were no such punishments. ![]() The experimenter (E) orders the teacher (T), the subject of the experiment, to give what the teacher (T) believes are painful electric shocks to a learner (L), who is actually an actor and confederate. For the book, see Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View.
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